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Running dev environments at scale presents unique challenges that push Kubernetes to the limit. After 6 years of operating development environments for 1.5 million users and as long-time contributors to the Kubernetes community, we encountered fundamental limitations with our use-case that led us to rearchitect Gitpod away from Kubernetes. Our recent technical deep-dive blog ended up on Hacker News and sparked quite the intense debate (speakers are the OP).
This talk dives into our journey of kernel modifications, custom controllers, implementations of user namespaces with shiftfs for UID mapping, seccomp notify for proc masking, and custom device policies for FUSE, tackling CPU throttling with custom CFS controllers, experiments with cgroupv2, and why 1.26's dynamic resource allocation didn’t solve our challenges. These are our hard-won insights to share with the community and continue the discussion around development environment infrastructure both on, or even off Kubernetes.
